Giuseppe Peano’s Interlingua is a good idea, but it doesn’t work for many reasons. First, the study material is almost non-existent, and second, the grammar instructions are vague, which is no wonder because Peano said that the best grammar is no grammar at all. I don’t think you can build a working practice with this principle. Third, Peano has practically eliminated verb conjugations or given awkward options to express future or past tense.
It has also been surprising that Peano has used verb tenses when talking about Latino sine flexione, or at least he has been editing publications that use the imperfect and the perfect. The forms of the past have deviated from classical Latin, so, strangely, these forms would not be wanted in the actual Latino Sine Flexione. Of course, the name could no longer be Sine flexione, but for example, ”Latin simplified.”
Peano’s idea of using Latin as a universal language would require changing its rules and verb conjugations. Peano also urged avoiding adverbs and replacing them with prepositional phrases. This is laborious and exhausting and does not reflect well on the author.
I’ll add the link for Peano’s description of Latino Sine Flexione, published by Project Gutenberg. It is mainly written using Latino Sine Flexione, but Google Translator translates Sine almost as well as classical Latin. In any case, the idea becomes apparent. Please read through the publication, and you will probably notice the same flaws as me.
Pale death knocks with the foot of the poor the shops and the
towers of kings.
96
Calendario Romano divide anno in decem et duo mense. Anno commune habe tres centum sex decem quinque die. Die habe duo decem quatuor
hora; hora sex decem minuta; minuta sex decem secunda.
Calendarium Romanum in duodecim menses dividit annum. Annus typicus trecentos sexaginta quinque dies habet. Viginti quattuor
horae unius diei sunt; hora sexaginta minuta; sexaginta minuta
secundo.
The Roman calendar divides the year into twelve months. A typical
year has three hundred and sixty-five days. Have two twenty-four
hours a day; sixty minutes in hours; minutes sixty seconds.
97
Omni re, nunc vetere, jam es novo; et quod nos hodie proba per exemplo, es exemplo futuro.
Omnia, quae nunc vetera sunt, iterum nova erunt, et quod nobis hodie exemplum est, in futuro exemplo erit.
All things that are now old shall once again be new, and what is
an example to us today will serve as an example in the future.
98
Utopia de hodie fi veritate de cras.
Sit utopia hodiernae veritas crastinae.
Let the utopia of today become the reality of tomorrow.
99
Me mitte Fr. 10, pro associatione ad Academia pro interlingua.
Mitte mihi Fr. 10, pro consociatione cum Academiae pro
interlingua.
Send me Fr. 10, for association with the Academy for interlingua.
100
Academia cura progressu de Interlingua, in theoria, et in practica.
Academia progressionem Interlinguae in doctrina et usu curat.
The Academy takes care of the development of Interlingua in theory
and practice.
I saw a little angel at the edge of the forest. As I approached her, I saw her crying. Without asking, she replied: The forest no longer responds to invitations. Flora has left this world because its cruelty shocked her. Soon, Fauna will be gone, too. They go to another planet, where the Creator brings oxygen and water, but not people.
«Personae verborum possunt esse invariabiles, suffìcit variari ego, tu, ille, etc.».
LEIBNIZ.
Lingua latino habet discurso directo, ut:
”Amicitia Inter malos esse non potest”
et discurso indirecto:
”(Veruni est) amicitiam Inter malos esse non posse”.
si nos utimur semper de discurso indirecto, in verbo evanescit desinentia de persona, de modo, et saepe de tempore.
Sumimus ergo nomen inflexibile, per persona modo et tempore, sub forma magis simplice, qui es imperativo, activo et passivo. Regula es:
«a) Ad forma inflexibile “es, pote, vol, fi” responde infinito “esse, posse, velle, fieri”.
b) Ad forma inflexibile de allo verbo adde -re, et te habe infinito, ut es in vocabulario latino.
c) Ad verbo activo adde -re, et te habe passivo.
d) Nos transforma verbo deponente in activo».
(Verbo ”vol, dice, duce, face”, et regula d) non es exacto latino classico).
Nos indica persona cum ”me, te, nos …”, modo cum ”si, ut, quod, …”, tempore cum ”heri, jam, in passato, nunc, cras, in futuro, vol, debe, …”.
Ex. ”Me scribe.—Vos lege.—Cras me i ad Roma.
—Cras me, postquam veni ad Roma, scribe ad te.
—Heri me lege dum te scribe et antequam Petro veni.
—Si te narra, nos audi.—Ut te vale.”
Peano, Giuseppe, 1858-1932. De Latino sine Flexione; Principio de Permanentia. HardPress Publishing. Kindle Edition includes seven chapters.
Peano’s examples translated
Latino sine flexione
English
Cras me i ad Roma.
Tomorrow I will go to Rome.
Cras me, postquam veni ad Roma, scribe ad te.
Tomorrow, after I have come to Rome, I will write to you.
Heri me lege dum te scribe et antequam Petro veni.
Yesterday I read while you were writing and before Peter came.
Si te narra, nos audi.
If you tell us, we listen.
100 exemplo de interlingua 51 – 61
Latino sine flexione
Latina
English
73
Te pote frange, non flecte, me.
Frangere potes, ne me inflectas.
You can break, don’t bend me.
Translating this sentence was challenging because we can read "me" either as "I" or "me." Similarly, "te" can be either a subject or an object. Also, that comma before the last "me" makes the sentence even more vague.
What I wrote above is an excellent example that simplifying language has its limits. My subject is "mi," and my object is "me." The corresponding words for the second person singular are "tu" and "te." Of course, my practice violates the rules of grammar written by Peano.
74
Medico es periculo plus que morbo.
Plus est periculi e medico quam a morbo.
There is more danger from the doctor than from the disease.
75
Qui designa uno, exclude alio.
Designatio unius est exclusio alterius.
The designation of one is the exclusion of the other.
76
Quem plure time, debe time plure.
Necesse est ut multos timeat quem multi timent.
Meaning: Those who are most frightening must be feared most of all (people).
ME: Have I written the following poem correctly in Latino sine flexione?
Silva es meo ecclesia. Arbores es columnas et aves es choro. Que alio homo pote orare et post gratias age.
ChatGPT
Your poem in Latino sine Flexione is mostly correct and comprehensible. Here’s a breakdown of each line and any adjustments for clarity:
”Silva es meo ecclesia.” – ”The forest is my church.”
This line is clear and accurate.
”Arbores es columnas” – ”The trees are columns.”
This line is also clear and accurate.
”et aves es choro.” – ”And the birds are the choir.”
This line is understandable. However, ”choir” in Latin can be translated as ”chorus” or ”chorus avium” (choir of birds), which might provide clearer imagery.
”Que alio homo” – ”That another person”
This line could be clarified. It seems like you’re indicating that another person can pray here, but the word ”Que” might be better replaced with ”Ubi” (where) for smoother flow. Additionally, ”homo” (man) might be specified to ”aliquis” (someone) for clarity.
”pote orare” – ”can pray”
This line is clear and accurate.
”et post” – ”and afterwards”
This line is clear.
”gratias” – ”thanks”
This line is clear, but to clarify the meaning, you might consider adding ”agere” (to give) after ”gratias” to complete the phrase ”gratias agere” (to give thanks).
So, considering these adjustments, the refined poem could be:
”Silva es meo ecclesia.
Arbores es columnas et aves es chorus avium. Ubi aliquis potest orare et post gratias agere.”
This translates to:
”The forest is my church. The trees are columns and the birds are the choir of birds. Where someone can pray and afterwards give thanks.”
ME:
You have given me Latin lines instead of Latino sine flexione.
et aves es chorus avium. Ubi aliquis potest orare et post gratias agere
Shouldn’t this be:
et aves es choro de aves. Que alio homo pote orare.
Peano’s grammar says:
Interrogative: que? = which, what
Indefinite: alio = other, else
ChatGPT:
You’re correct in pointing out that my previous response provided Latin phrases rather than adhering strictly to the principles of Latino sine Flexione. Let me adjust the lines to better conform to the simplified grammar of Latino sine Flexione:
”et aves es choro de aves.” – ”And the birds are the choir of birds.”
Your adjustment is correct, using ”de” to indicate possession in a more straightforward manner. However, the repetition of ”aves” might be avoided for simplicity. So, you could simply say ”et aves es choro,” meaning ”And the birds are the choir.”
”Que alio homo pote orare.” – ”That another person can pray.”
Your correction using ”que” to mean ”that” aligns with Peano’s grammar rules for Latino sine Flexione. However, for clarity and simplicity, you might use ”Ubi” (where) instead, as it’s more commonly used in the context of location.
With these adjustments, the lines in Latino sine Flexione would be:
”et aves es choro.” ”Ubi alio homo pote orare.”
Thank you for your patience and for bringing the focus back to the principles of Latino sine Flexione.
ME:
How could I say this “What else can I ask for”? in Latino sine flexione?
ChatGPT:
To say ”What else can I ask for?” in Latino sine Flexione, you could express it as:
”Que alio ego pote postular?”
Breaking it down:
”Que” – ”what” (interrogative pronoun)
”alio” – ”else” (adverb)
”ego” – ”I” (pronoun)
”pote” – ”can” (verb ”possum” in the present indicative form)
”postular” – ”ask for” (verb ”postulo” in the present infinitive form)
So, the sentence literally translates to ”What else can I ask for?” in English.
ME:
I am afraid that you made a mistake again by saying
Que alio ego pote postular?
Shouldn’t this be … pote postulare?
ChatGPT:
You are correct, and I appreciate your attention to detail. In Latino sine Flexione, the verb ”to ask for” is indeed ”postulare” rather than ”postular,” and the infinitive form ”postulare” should be used after the verb ”pote” (can). So, the correct form would be:
”Que alio ego pote postulare?”
Thank you for catching that mistake, and I apologize for any confusion it may have caused.
I’m adding this article soon after the previous one because I was surprised at how much help ChatGPT is in figuring out Latino sine flexione secrets. As you can see from the answers to ChatGPT below, it is impossible to find examples of everyday language, and neither is a dictionary; no good ones are available. Thus, knowing ChatGPT will help me a lot. It is easy to use and can be used directly from the browser, although you can also download your program to your apparatus.
I Question One: How do we form the verbs in Latino sine flexione
ChatGPT Replies:
Latino sine Flexione, also known as Interlingua de Peano (after its creator, Giuseppe Peano), is a simplified version of Latin. Created in the early 20th century, it aims to serve as an international auxiliary language. The main feature of Latino sine Flexione is its simplified grammar, especially in the realm of verb conjugation.
In traditional Latin, verbs are conjugated according to tense, mood, voice, number, and person. Latino sine Flexione dramatically simplifies this system. Here’s how verbs are conjugated in Latino sine Flexione:
Infinitive Form: The infinitive form of the verb is used as the base. This form is identical to the present active infinitive form in classical Latin. For example, ”amare” (to love), ”habere” (to have), ”dicere” (to say).
Uniform Conjugation: Verbs in Latino sine Flexione are not conjugated according to number (singular or plural) or person (first, second, third). This means that the form of the verb does not change regardless of the subject. The infinitive form serves as the base form for all conjugations. For example:
”Io ama” means ”I love”
”Tu ama” means ”You love”
”Ille ama” means ”He/She/It loves”
”Nos ama” means ”We love”
”Vos ama” means ”You (plural) love”
”Illes ama” means ”They love”
Tenses and Moods: To express different tenses, moods, or the passive voice, Latino sine Flexione typically uses auxiliary verbs or adverbs, much like in English. The verb itself remains unchanged. For example:
Future: ”Io va ama” (I will love)
Past: ”Io ha ama” (I have loved) or ”Io era ama” (I was loving)
Conditional: ”Io velle ama” (I would love)
Subjunctive: This mood can be expressed through context or by using auxiliary constructions that convey doubt, desire, etc.
Passive voice: It’s formed with the help of the verb ”esse” (to be) and the past participle of the main verb, which, in the streamlined system of Latino sine Flexione, often remains unchanged or slightly adapted from the Latin. For example, ”Io es amate” (I am loved).
Imperative Mood: Given the simplified nature of the language, the imperative mood can be formed by using the infinitive or by context. Direct commands can be easily understood without specific conjugational changes.
This simplified approach to verb conjugation in Latino sine Flexione makes it relatively easy to learn and use, especially for those already familiar with Latin or Romance languages. However, the context, auxiliary verbs, and adverbs play a crucial role in clarifying the tense, mood, and aspect of verbs, given the absence of inflectional endings.
II Question two: Can imperfect be formed by the ending -ba
ChatGPT Replies:
In Latino sine Flexione, the use of specific endings to denote tense, such as the ”-ba” ending for the imperfect tense in Classical Latin, is not adopted. Latino sine Flexione was designed by Giuseppe Peano to simplify Latin, especially by eliminating the complex system of verb conjugations and declensions.
To express the imperfect tense or any other tense, Latino sine Flexione typically uses auxiliary verbs or relies on context, rather than changing the ending of the verb. The intention was to create a language that was as simple and flexible as possible, removing the need for learners to memorize different verb endings for different tenses, moods, voices, numbers, and persons.
For example, to express the idea of the imperfect tense (indicating an ongoing action or state in the past), one would use the verb in its infinitive form along with an auxiliary verb or phrase that sets the action in the past, rather than modifying the verb itself with an ”-ba” ending or any other morphological change.
Classical Latin Example (for comparison): ”Amabam” = ”I was loving”
Latino sine Flexione Equivalent: ”Io habeva ama” or ”Io era ama” = ”I was loving”
So, the direct answer to your question is no, the imperfect cannot be formed by the ending ”-ba” in Latino sine Flexione because the language intentionally avoids such inflectional morphology to maintain its simplicity and ease of use.
III Question three: How to use adverbs in Latino sine flexione
ChatGPT Replies:
In Latino sine Flexione, adverbs are used in a straightforward manner, much like in English and other Romance languages, to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, providing additional information such as manner, place, time, frequency, degree, and so on. The simplicity of Latino sine Flexione extends to the use of adverbs, following its general principle of maintaining clarity while reducing grammatical complexity.
Forming Adverbs
Many adverbs in Latino sine Flexione are formed by taking the base form of the adjective and adding an adverbial ending, similar to the process in classical Latin and its descendant Romance languages. However, the language also allows for the direct use of adjectives as adverbs, without modification, relying on context to clarify the meaning. This is a simplification compared to classical Latin, which often uses the ”-e” or ”-iter” endings (from the ablative and accusative cases, respectively) to form adverbs from adjectives.
Using Adverbs
Modification: Place the adverb close to the word it modifies. The position can affect the emphasis of the sentence, but the typical structure is subject-verb-adverb or subject-adverb-verb for simple sentences.
Example: ”Io parla clar” (I speak clearly).
Frequency and Time: Adverbs of frequency (like ”semper” for always, ”nunquam” for never) and time (like ”hodie” for today, ”heri” for yesterday) are used to specify when or how often an action occurs.
Example: ”Io semper labora” (I always work).
Manner: These adverbs describe how an action is performed and are often derived from adjectives or used in their base form, depending on the context.
Example: ”Ille canta bel” (He sings beautifully).
Degree: Adverbs that modify adjectives or other adverbs to indicate intensity or extent fit in this category. Words like ”multo” (very) or ”poco” (little) are examples.
Example: ”Ille es multo felice” (He is very happy).
Place and Direction: These adverbs indicate where an action occurs or in what direction. Terms like ”hic” (here), ”ibi” (there), ”domum” (homeward) can be used directly.
Example: ”Nos vade domum” (We go home).
Directness and Simplicity
Latino sine Flexione favors a direct approach, where the meaning of adverbs and their relationship to the words they modify is often clear from context. This simplicity means that learners can quickly become proficient in expressing complex ideas with a minimal learning curve. The flexibility in adverb placement and the use of adjectives as adverbs without modification are key features that make Latino sine Flexione an accessible and efficient auxiliary language.
IV Question four: Can these words use in Latino sine flexione in here written forms: bene, celeriter, falso, ibidem, ideo, imperpetuum, item, libere, non, nunc, prius, quiete, semper, sepe, sicut, tandem, ubi, videlicet
ChatGPT Replies:
Yes, the words you’ve listed can be used in Latino sine Flexione in their written forms as you’ve provided them. Latino sine Flexione, created by Giuseppe Peano, is a simplified version of Latin that maintains much of the vocabulary of Classical Latin but simplifies the grammar, especially the conjugation and declension systems. This language aims to be an international auxiliary language, leveraging the wide recognition of Latin-derived words among speakers of Romance and other European languages.
Here’s a brief overview of how these adverbs and particles might be used in Latino sine Flexione, bearing in mind their meanings are largely consistent with their Classical Latin origins:
bene – well
celeriter – quickly
falso – falsely
ibidem – in the same place
ideo – therefore
imperpetuum – forever
item – likewise
libere – freely
non – not
nunc – now
prius – before
quiete – quietly
quit – free (Though ”quit” isn’t classically Latin in this form, ”quite” might be a misspelling or confusion; in Latino sine Flexione, clarity and simplicity are key, and ”libere” might serve where freedom or liberty is meant.)
semper – always
sepe (more commonly spelled ”saepe”) – often
sicut – just as
tandem – at last
ubi – where
videlicet (abbreviated as viz.) – namely, that is to say
In Latino sine Flexione, these words are used in a straightforward manner to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs, or to connect ideas, similar to their use in Classical Latin but without the complexities of Latin grammar. The simplicity of Latino sine Flexione’s structure means these adverbs and conjunctions can be easily incorporated into sentences to convey precise meanings without the need for conjugation or declension adjustments.
V Question five: Where do I find a good Latino sine flexione – English dictionary
ChatGPT Replies:
Finding resources for Latino sine Flexione, including dictionaries, might be a bit challenging compared to more widely studied languages due to its niche status. However, there are several avenues you can explore to find a Latino sine Flexione to English dictionary or related resources:
Online Resources and Communities:
Check websites dedicated to constructed languages (conlangs) or international auxiliary languages. Forums and discussion groups on sites like Reddit or specialized conlang communities might have user-created resources or links to dictionaries.
Look for digital libraries or archives that specialize in linguistic literature. Some universities or linguistic organizations might have digitized resources related to Latino sine Flexione.
Interlingua Resources:
Although Interlingua and Latino sine Flexione are not the same, they share a lot of vocabulary due to their Latin roots. Resources for Interlingua might be helpful, especially for basic vocabulary and phrases. The Union Mundial pro Interlingua (UMI) website could be a starting point.
Giuseppe Peano’s Works:
Giuseppe Peano, the creator of Latino sine Flexione, published several works on the language. His most notable publication on the subject is ”De Latino Sine Flexione, Lingua Auxiliare Internationale,” published in the journal ”Revista de Mathematica” in 1903. Finding these works in libraries or online archives can provide direct insight into the language, including vocabulary.
Scholarly Journals and Historical Documents:
Researching through academic databases or journals on linguistics and constructed languages might yield articles or references to Latino sine Flexione. Historical documents or publications by early 20th-century advocates of the language might also include glossaries or vocabulary lists.
Custom Compilations and Glossaries:
Given the specialized nature of Latino sine Flexione, enthusiasts and scholars sometimes compile their own dictionaries or glossaries. These can occasionally be found through deep internet searches, in academic repositories, or by contacting linguistic departments at universities.
Libraries and Rare Book Collections:
Libraries with significant collections in linguistics or rare books might have historical texts related to Latino sine Flexione. The Library of Congress or national libraries in countries with strong traditions in linguistics research are potential sources.
While a comprehensive, modern Latino sine Flexione–English dictionary might be hard to come by, combining resources intended for related languages, historical texts, and community-generated materials can provide a solid foundation for learning and using the language. Engaging with online communities dedicated to constructed languages can also lead to discoveries of unpublished or niche materials beneficial for your studies.
VI Question six: Is there poems written in Latino sine flexione with the parallel English translation
ChatGPT Replies:
As of my last update in April 2023, specific poems written in Latino sine Flexione with parallel English translations are not widely documented or easily accessible in mainstream publications or online resources. Latino sine Flexione, being a simplified form of Latin designed by Giuseppe Peano for use as an international auxiliary language, has a niche following, and its literary corpus is relatively modest compared to more widely spoken languages or even other constructed languages like Esperanto.
However, there are a few approaches you might consider in your search for poetry or other literary works in Latino sine Flexione, along with English translations:
Constructed Languages Communities: Online forums and communities dedicated to constructed languages (conlangs) or auxiliary languages might have user-generated content, including poetry. Members of these communities often create and share their own works, which could include poems in Latino sine Flexione with translations.
Academic Research and Publications: Scholars interested in constructed languages or the history of linguistic development might have analyzed or created works in Latino sine Flexione. Searching through academic journals, especially those focusing on linguistics or the study of auxiliary languages, might yield results.
Language Enthusiast Blogs and Websites: Individuals or groups dedicated to the study and promotion of Latino sine Flexione might maintain blogs or websites where they share resources, including literary works. While these might be more challenging to find, dedicated searches or inquiries in related forums could lead to useful links.
Creating Your Own Translations: Given the simplicity of Latino sine Flexione and its close relationship with Classical Latin and modern Romance languages, those with a background in these languages might find it an enriching exercise to translate existing Latin poetry or their own English poems into Latino sine Flexione. This could also contribute to the body of work available to language learners and enthusiasts.
Contacting Linguistic Departments or Libraries: Some universities or libraries, especially those with collections dedicated to linguistics, constructed languages, or the history of international auxiliary languages, might have materials or references to works in Latino sine Flexione. Reaching out to these institutions could provide leads.
While direct sources for poems in Latino sine Flexione with English translations may not be readily available, exploring these avenues could yield some results or, at the very least, connect you with communities and individuals who share an interest in Peano’s language and its creative use.
VII Question seven: Is this text in Latino sine flexione all right. “Nunc politica de partes in dextra morde in Finnia. Vacatio de opere adauge et sociali auxilios imminue. “
Your text in Latino sine Flexione is mostly understandable, but let’s refine it for clarity and adherence to the principles of Latino sine Flexione, which aims for simplicity and directness. Your sentence translates to ”Now the politics of parties on the right bite in Finland. Vacation from work increases and social aids decrease.”
Here’s a slight refinement for clarity, though your original is already quite close to what you might expect in Latino sine Flexione:
”Nunc politica partium in dextra in Finlandia mordet. Vacatio ab opere augetur et auxilia socialia minuuntur.”
Breaking it down:
”Nunc” is correct for ”now.”
”Politica de partes” can be more directly referred to as ”politica partium” for ”politics of parties,” though your original is not incorrect due to the flexible nature of prepositions in Latino sine Flexione.
”in dextra” is understandable and correctly indicates ”on the right.”
”morde” should be ”mordet” to indicate the subject (the politics) is doing the action, but in the spirit of Latino sine Flexione, verb conjugations are minimized. However, since Latino sine Flexione primarily uses the infinitive or a very simplified verb form, you could consider leaving the verb in its base form or adjusting for clarity based on context.
”in Finlandia” specifies ”in Finland,” adjusting for proper noun usage.
”Vacatio de opere” (vacation from work) is clear; ”adauge” is adjusted to ”augetur” for consistency in verb form simplification, though again, strict conjugation is less a concern in Latino sine Flexione.
”et sociali auxilios imminue” can be refined for consistency, though your meaning is clear. ”Auxilia socialia” places the adjective after the noun for clarity, and ”minuuntur” follows the verb simplification, but maintaining a base or infinitive form is also in the spirit of Latino sine Flexione.
Remember, Latino sine Flexione is designed for simplicity and to be understood even if not perfectly following traditional Latin grammar rules. Your initial attempt captures the essence of Latino sine Flexione’s goal of being an easily understood international auxiliary language.
VIII Ouestion eight: Is this written right in Latino sine flexione:” luce in nive es sol?”
ChatGPT Replies:
Yes, your sentence ”luce in nive es sol” is understandable in Latino sine Flexione, and it means ”light in snow is sun.”
Here’s a brief breakdown of each part:
”luce” – ”light” (noun)
”in” – ”in” (preposition)
”nive” – ”snow” (noun)
”es” – ”is” (verb)
”sol” – ”sun” (noun)
This sentence follows the basic structure of subject-verb-object (SVO) and uses prepositions to indicate relationships between the nouns. While it might not adhere strictly to classical Latin grammar, it remains clear and comprehensible, which aligns with the principles of Latino sine Flexione.
Please note this!
First of all, if you are interested in Latino sine flexione, read the Wikipedia article on sine flexione in English. From there, you get everything in a nutshell. Here, I am studying details and have no opportunity to explain everything from head to foot each time.
100 exemplo de interlingua 51 – 61
Latino sine flexione
Latina
English
51
Fama cresce dum i. i,
ire
fama crescit eundo. eo, is, it
ire
The rumor grows as it goes. I go, thou go,
he/she/it goes
to go
52
Me fuge quod seque, me seque quod fuge.
Quod sequitur fugio, quod fugit usque sequor
Meaning:
What follows
me I flee, and what flees me I follow.
53
Nos habe uno lingua, et duo aure.
Nos habemus unam linguam et duas aures.
We have one tongue and two ears.
54
Bove habe duo cornu, et quatuor pede.
Bos duos cornua et quattuor pedes habet.
An ox has two horns and four feet.
55
Nos disce pro vita, ne pro schola.
Non scholae sed vitae discimus
We don’t study for school, we study for life.
56
Cane que latra ne morde.
Canis, qui latrat non mordet.
A dog that barks doesn’t bite.
57
Ab oculo, ab corde.
Ex oculo, ex animo.
Out of sight, out of mind.
58
Magno libro, magno malo.
Magnum librum, magnum malum.
A great book, a great evil.
59
Qui tege vitio, ale illo.
Alitur vitium tegendo.
They who hide ”vitium” feed it. vitium = flaw,
defect; vice; crime, wrongdoing etc.
60
Nos ede pro vive, ne vive pro ede
Edimus ut vivamus, non vivimus et edamus.”
We eat to live, not live to eat.
61
Me da ut te da
Do ut des.
I give so that you give.
WIFE CARRYING World Championship
Here is something for you funny bones: you have studied Latino sine flexione so hard.
I found the Base de Interlingua, an article that consists of 23 pages. I have extracted two pages from the beginning of the article. It tells a lot of the things which haven’t been clear to me before. This article doesn’t follow the rules Giuseppe Peano has given us. Here, we have, for example, the imperfect form of the verb. Peano is the director of this edition, but I don’t know if he has written everything by himself.
Interlingua habe base exclusivamente latina, non solum quia base
commune de majore parte de linguas de Europa es latina, sed
specialmodo quia latino es supranationale, id es acceptato ab omne
populos, docto in omne schola superiore de toto mundo civile. Nulla
alia lingua praesenta isto charactere mundiale et ista
neutralitate.
Tres objectiones es facto contra ista
adoptione:
1. difficultate de grammatica latina (declinatione,
conjugatione, etc.). Ista difficultate es victa, nam Interlingua
supprime omne elemento grammaticale non necessario et redde
grammatica de una facilitate sine exemplo in linguas nationale. Quasi
omne flexione es inutile; suppressione de flexiones reduce grammatica
latina ad quasi nihil.
2. latino contine multum
vocabulos incomprehensibili (sine studio)
pro illos que non cognosce latino. Ad
ista objectione nos responde que majore
parte de isto vocabulos mortue es inutile nam latino contine multo synonymos et
per selectione opportuna inter differente synonymos es quasi semper
possibile uter solum vocabulos, intelligibile ad primo visu, etiam
pro illos qui non cognosce latino.
3. Lingua latino non
suffice ad exprimere omne necessitate de cultura moderna. Sed
latino uso ab Interlingua, nos es solum latino classico, sed latino
in sensu lato, locupletato cum vocabulos moderno, latino que esseba
uso, usque ad pauco tempore ante, ab omne docto que voleba essere
intellecto in toto mundo, et ad illo Interlingua adjunge adjunge
vocabulos moderno internationale que ad latino defice. Versione in
fine de presente libro demonstra plena sufficentia (sufficientia)
de Interlingua ad expressione
de omne cogitatione moderna.
Ergo Interlingua:
1. adopta lingua latina ut lingua
internationale.
2. recurre ad duo temperamentos,
de que primo supprime quasi completamente grammatica et secundo duce
ad non utere que vocabulos intelligibile pro omnes. Vocabulario
Internationale de Basso contine
20,000 vocabulos que es latino internationale, id es latino que vive
in plurimo linguas de Europa et es ergo intelligibile etiam ad illos
que non cognosce latino.
The Google translation from classical Latin to English
BASE OF INTERLINGUAL
Interlingua has an exclusively Latin
base, not only because you are Latin based on the common base of most
of the languages of Europe, but especially because Latin is
supranational, that is, you are accepted by all peoples, taught in
every higher school of the entire civilized world. No other language
presents this worldly character and this neutrality.
There are three objections
against this adoption:
1. difficulty with Latin grammar
(declension, conjugation, etc.). You have overcome this difficulty,
for Interlingua suppress every grammatical element that is not
necessary and return the grammar of one facility without example to
the national languages. It is as if you are useless at all bending;
by suppressing the inflections, reduce Latin grammar to almost
nothing.
2. Latin contains a lot of
incomprehensible terms (without study) for those who do not know
Latin. To this objection answer us that for the greater part of this
term you are dead useless, for Latin contains many synonyms, and by
an appropriate selection among different synonyms it is as if always
possible to choose the only terms, intelligible at first sight, even
for those who do not know Latin.
3. The Latin language is not
sufficient to express everything necessary about modern culture. But
I use Latin from Interlingua, we only use classical Latin, but Latin
in a broad sense, enriched with modern terms, the Latin that was
used, until a short time ago, by every scholar who wanted to be
understood in the whole world, and add to that Interlingua attach the
modern international terms that fail to Latin. The version at the end
of the present book demonstrates the full sufficiency (sufficiency)
of Interlingua for the expression of all modern thought.
Download Latin spellchecker for
LibreOffice
LibreOffice is a
free office suite that can do almost everything possible in the
Microsoft Office suite. Moreover, you can add Latin spellchecker for
LibreOffice. See the download links below:
When you have installed LibreOffice Suite and spellchecker, you
will see that spellchecker finds some words that don’t seem
CLassical Latin. Of course, the spellchecker can’t recognize all
the Latin words, but what Giuseppe said is invalid: All
Interlingua words are pure Latin. Perhaps he has followed
Classical Latin vocabulary, but not all the people who have
written in Interlingua have. Giuseppe also made at least one
mistake when adding the -s letter at the end of the words
to show this word is in the plural form. Sometimes, Latin words
have the letter s at the end of the terms, but not always.
Whether you add these words to the spellchecker is up to you.
First of all, if you are interested in Latino sine flexione, read the Wikipedia article on sine flexione in English. From there, you get everything in a nutshell. Here, I am studying details and have no opportunity to explain everything from head to foot each time.
100 exemplo de Interlingua –booklet
I have found the links to download the Booklet in many forms; see the table below.
I don’t know why Peano drops the last vocal away from some
verbs and nouns. The other artificial language, which came after
Peano’s Sine Lectione, aka Interlingua, keeps the vocal at the
present and imperative. The linguists who developed that different
language call it Interlingua
as well. These two Interlingua languages are very similar. The
latter language also derives words from the Romance language.
Using the other Interlingua the sentence goes:
Qui vole, pote.
28
Qui tace, consenti.
Qui tacet consentit
He who is silent consents.
29
Qui doce, disce.
Docendo discimus.
He who teaches, learns. Literally from Classical Latin:
By teaching we learn.
30.
Divide et impera.
Divide et impera!
Divide and rule!
31
In dubio, abstine.
In dubio, abstine!
Meaning: In case of
doubt, abstain!
32
Re vario delecta. — Varietate delecta.
Varietas delectat.
Variety delights.
33
Omni re muta, nullo more.
Omnia mutantur, nihil interit.
Everything changes, nothing disappears.
Even though in ”100 exemplo de Interlingua”
booklet Peano explains why he has chosen the verb ”more,”
it doesn’t make sense why he doesn’t select the Latin verb
interire => <= more ior | muore | mourir | die;
mori(bund) | sterben, (im)mor(tell), Morder
First of all, if you are interested in Latino sine flexione, read the Wikipedia article on sine flexione in English. From there, you get everything in a nutshell. Here, I am studying details and have no opportunity to explain everything from head to foot each time.
100 exemplo de interlingua 16 – 20
16
Manu
lava manu
Manus manum lavat
One hand washes.
17
Gratia
gene gratia, lite gene lite.
Gratia gratiam parit, lis generat litem.
Grace begets grace, litigation begets litigation.
18
Arte
cela arte.
Ars est celare artem.
The art is to conceal art.
19
Arte imita natura.
Ars imitatio naturae est.
Art is the imitation of nature.
20
Abysso voca abysso.
Abyssus abyssum invocat.
The abyss calls out to the abyss.
Please note this!
Many of these examples are ancient Latin phrases that often have symbolic meanings. If you are interested in these hidden meanings, visit the List of Latin phrases (full) pages. I translate sayings literally for learning purposes in my tables.
For example:
abyssus abyssum invocat
deep calleth unto deep
From Psalms 42:7; some translations have ”sea calls to sea”.
Verbs are formed from the Latin by dropping the final -re of the infinitive. Tense, mood, etc., are indicated by particles, auxiliary verbs, or adverbs, but none is required if the sense is clear from the context. If needed, the past may be indicated by preceding the verb with e, and the future with i.
Composite tenses can be expressed with auxiliary words:
Praeteritum: habe amato (have loved)
Future: debe amare / vol amare / habe ad amare (must love / will love / have to love)
Continuous tenses: me es scribente (I am writing)
Giuseppe Peano on Verbs in Grammatical Notes Booklet
7. Verbs
To the present form of the verb add:
• for the infinitive -re
• for the past participle -to
• for the present participle –nte
Rense
Interlingu
English
present
ama
love
infinitive
amare
to love
past participle
amato
loved
present partifiple
amante
loving
• me ama = I love.
• te ama = thou lovest.
• illo, illa ama = he, she loves.
• nos ama = we love.
• vos ama = you love.
• illos, illas ama = they love.
The form of the imperative is the same as the one for the present.
Sometimes the idea of the past is indicated in some word of the sentence and in
such case there is no need to inflect the verb. “Heri me scribe” can be used for
“I wrote yesterday”.
When it is necessary to indicate the past, this can be done by an adverb, as
“jam” or “tum”, particularly used for this purose, or by “in praeterito” or by “e”
preceding the verb: me, te, illo, illa, id, nos, vos, illos, illas, jam ama (or) tum
ama or e ama. I, thou, he, she, it, we, you, they loved.
Likewise for the future. The idea of time may be implied in some other word of
the sentence like: cras nos lege = we will read tomorrow.
If it is necessary to indicate the future, it can be done by the expression “in
futuro”, or by the verbs “vol” and “debe” like in English, or by “i” preceding
verb: me vol ama, me debe ama, me i ama = I shall or will love.
The subjunctive has no special ending, its idea is expressed by the use of
conjunctions like si, que, ut, quod.
The passive form is rendered by the past participle and the verb “es”, to be: es
amato = is loved. The passive may be done away with, as in any language, by
changing the sentence: filio es amato ab matre = the son is loved by the mother
to: matre ama filio = the mother loves the son. It may also be rendered by
“quem” and a relative clause: filio es quem matre ama = it is the son whom the
mother loves.
Obs! These Grammatical notes have vanished online, but if I find them again, I let you know the URL.
Giuseppe Peano (/piˈɑːnoʊ/;[1] Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe peˈaːno]; 27 August 1858 – 20 April 1932) was an Italian mathematician and glottologist. The author of over 200 books and papers, he was a founder of mathematical logic and set theory, to which he contributed much notation. The standard axiomatization of the natural numbers is named the Peano axioms in his honor. As part of this effort, he made key contributions to the modern rigorous and systematic treatment of the method of mathematical induction. He spent most of his career teaching mathematics at the University of Turin. He also wrote an international auxiliary language, Latino sine flexione (”Latin without inflections”), which is a simplified version of Classical Latin. Most of his books and papers are in Latino sine flexione, while others are in Italian.
