Latino sine flexione, lectio quinto, exemplos III, et Verbs

Please note this!

First of all, if you are interested in Latino sine flexione, read the Wikipedia article on sine flexione in English. From there, you get everything in a nutshell. Here, I am studying details and have no opportunity to explain everything from head to foot each time.

100 exemplo de interlingua 16 – 20

Please note this!

Many of these examples are ancient Latin phrases that often have symbolic meanings. If you are interested in these hidden meanings, visit the  List of Latin phrases (full) pages. I translate sayings literally for learning purposes in my tables.

For example:

Verbs from Wikipedia

Verbs are formed from the Latin by dropping the final -re of the infinitive. Tense, mood, etc., are indicated by particles, auxiliary verbs, or adverbs, but none is required if the sense is clear from the context. If needed, the past may be indicated by preceding the verb with e, and the future with i.

There are specific endings to create the infinitive and participles:

• Basic form: ama (loves)
• Infinitive: amare (to love)
• Passive participle: amato (loved)
• Active participle: amante (loving)

Collateral endings^[14]

• Imperfectum (past): amaba (loved), legeba (read)
• Future: amara (will/shall love), legera (will/shall read)
• Conditional: amare (would love), legere (would read)

The endings -ra and -re are stressed in future and conditional verb forms, respectively.

Compound tenses^[15]

Composite tenses can be expressed with auxiliary words:

• Praeteritum: habe amato (have loved)
• Future: debe amare / vol amare / habe ad amare (must love / will love / have to love)
• Continuous tenses: me es scribente (I am writing)

Giuseppe Peano on Verbs in Grammatical Notes Booklet

7. Verbs

To the present form of the verb add:
• for the infinitive -re
• for the past participle -to
• for the present participle –nte

• me ama = I love.
• te ama = thou lovest.
• illo, illa ama = he, she loves.
• nos ama = we love.
• vos ama = you love.
• illos, illas ama = they love.

The form of the imperative is the same as the one for the present.

Sometimes the idea of the past is indicated in some word of the sentence and in
such case there is no need to inflect the verb. “Heri me scribe” can be used for
“I wrote yesterday”.

When it is necessary to indicate the past, this can be done by an adverb, as
“jam” or “tum”, particularly used for this purose, or by “in praeterito” or by “e”
preceding the verb: me, te, illo, illa, id, nos, vos, illos, illas, jam ama (or) tum
ama or e ama. I, thou, he, she, it, we, you, they loved.

Likewise for the future. The idea of time may be implied in some other word of
the sentence like: cras nos lege = we will read tomorrow.

If it is necessary to indicate the future, it can be done by the expression “in
futuro”, or by the verbs “vol” and “debe” like in English, or by “i” preceding
verb: me vol ama, me debe ama, me i ama = I shall or will love.

The subjunctive has no special ending, its idea is expressed by the use of
conjunctions like si, que, ut, quod.

The passive form is rendered by the past participle and the verb “es”, to be: es
amato = is loved. The passive may be done away with, as in any language, by
changing the sentence: filio es amato ab matre = the son is loved by the mother
to: matre ama filio = the mother loves the son. It may also be rendered by
“quem” and a relative clause: filio es quem matre ama = it is the son whom the
mother loves.

Obs! These Grammatical notes have vanished online, but if I find them again, I let you know the URL.

Giuseppe Peano

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Giuseppe Peano

Born
27 August 1858

Spinetta, Piedmont, Kingdom of Sardinia

Died
20 April 1932 (aged 73)

Turin, Italy

Citizenship
Italian

Alma mater
University of Turin

Known for
Peano axioms
Peano curve
Peano existence theorem
Peano-Jordan measure
Peano kernel theorem
Peano–Russell notation
Latino sine flexione
Vector space
Peano surface
Logicism

Awards
Knight of the Order of Saints Maurizio and Lazzaro
Knight of the Crown of Italy
Commendatore of the Crown of Italy
Correspondent of the Accademia dei Lincei

Scientific career

Fields
Mathematics
Linguistics

Institutions
University of Turin, Accademia dei Lincei

Doctoral advisor
Enrico D’Ovidio

Other academic advisors
Francesco Faà di Bruno

Notable students
Maria Gramegna

Giuseppe Peano (/piˈɑːnoʊ/;^[1] Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe peˈaːno]; 27 August 1858 – 20 April 1932) was an Italian mathematician and glottologist. The author of over 200 books and papers, he was a founder of mathematical logic and set theory, to which he contributed much notation. The standard axiomatization of the natural numbers is named the Peano axioms in his honor. As part of this effort, he made key contributions to the modern rigorous and systematic treatment of the method of mathematical induction. He spent most of his career teaching mathematics at the University of Turin. He also wrote an international auxiliary language, Latino sine flexione (“Latin without inflections”), which is a simplified version of Classical Latin. Most of his books and papers are in Latino sine flexione, while others are in Italian.

Please read the rest of the article here.