Last time, I talked about how Sine Flexione nouns are derived from the
singular ablative of the Latin language. This method is still valid,
but the table below explains how to identify the ablative with the
genitive. As we know, dictionary dictionaries provide the nominative
and genitive cases of the search word.
Nouns are formed from the Latin Genetive as Shown below
The form of nouns depends on the Latin declensions.
Latin declension number (genitive ending) | 1: -ae | 2: -i | 3: -is | 4: -us | 5: -ei |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latino ending | -a | -o | -e | -u | -e |
Latin declension/nominative form | Latin genitive | Latino (Latin ablative) | English |
---|---|---|---|
1st: rosa | rosae | rosa | rose |
2nd: laurus | lauri | lauro | laurel |
3rd: pax | pacis | pace | peace |
4th: casus | casus | casu | case |
5th: series | seriei | serie | series |
Those proper nouns written with the Roman alphabet are kept as close
to the original as possible. The following are examples: München, New
York, Roma, Giovanni
Adjectives
and adverbs
Adjectives are formed as follows:
- If the nominative neuter ends with -e, the Latino form is
unchanged. - If the nominative neuter ends with -um, the Latino form is
changed to -o: novum > novo (new). - In all other cases, adjectives are formed with the ablative case
from the genitive, as is the case with nouns.
Adjectives can be used as adverbs if the context is clear, or cum
mente or in modo can be used:
- Diligente (diligent): Cum mente diligente, cum
diligente mente, in modo diligente, in diligente modo
= diligently.
Ablative with
prepositions
The ablative case is very frequently used with prepositions, for
example ex urbe
”out of the city”, cum
eō ”with him”. Four prepositions (in ”in/into”, sub
”under/to the foot of”, subter ”under”, super ”over”)
may take either an accusative or an ablative. In the case of
the first two, the accusative indicates motion, and the ablative
indicates no motion. For instance, in urbe means ”in the city”;
in urbem, ”into the city”.[14]
In the case of super, the accusative means ”above” or ”over”,
and the ablative means ”concerning”.[15]
The prepositions which are followed by the ablative case are the
following:
Preposition | Grammar case | Comments |
---|---|---|
ā, ab, abs | + abl | from; down from; at, in, on, (of time) after, since (source of action or event) by, of |
absque | + abl | without (archaic) |
clam | + acc & + abl |
without the knowledge of, unknown to (also an adverb). Its use with the ablative is rare. Clanculum is a variant of this preposition. |
cōram | + abl | in person, face to face; publicly, openly |
cum | + abl | with |
dē | + abl | from, concerning, about; down from, out of |
ex, ē | + abl | out of, from |
in | + acc | into, to; about; according to; against |
+ abl | in, at, on, from (space) | |
palam | + abl | without concealment, openly, publicly, undisguisedly, plainly, unambiguously |
prae | + abl | before, in front of, because of |
prō | + abl | for, on behalf of; before; in front, instead of; about; according to; as, like; as befitting |
procul | + abl | far, at a distance |
sine | + abl | without |
sub | + acc | under, up to, up under, close to (of a motion); until, before, up to, about |
+ abl | (to) under, (to) beneath; near to, up to, towards; about, around (time) |
|
subter | + acc | under, underneath; following (in order or rank); in the reign of |
+ abl | underneath, (figuratively) below inferior | |
super | + acc | above, over, beyond; during |
+ abl | concerning, regarding, about |
The Tabkes are from Wikipedia
Finally, a few sentences that tell what we have learned
Latina | Latino Sine Flexione |
English |
Avus in horto (hortus) sedet. | Avo sede in horto. | The grandfather is sitting in the garden. |
Puer cum cane (canis) ludit. | Puero lude (ludere) cum cane. | A boy plays with a dog. |
Uxor sine pecunia est. | Uxore sine pecunia est. | A wife is without money. |
Admiror novam navem (navis) tuam. | lMi admira (admirari) tuo novo nave. |
I admire your new boat. |
Ars longa vita brevis. | Arte longo vita breve. | Art is long; life is short. |
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