Latino Sine Flexione, lectio secunda

2024-01-28 Latin Prepositions That Take the Ablative Case

Last time, I talked about how Sine Flexione nouns are derived from the
singular ablative of the Latin language. This method is still valid,
but the table below explains how to identify the ablative with the
genitive. As we know, dictionary dictionaries provide the nominative
and genitive cases of the search word.

Nouns are formed from the Latin Genetive as Shown below

The form of nouns depends on the Latin declensions.

Latin declension number (genitive ending) 1: -ae 2: -i 3: -is 4: -us 5: -ei
Latino ending -a -o -e -u -e
Latin declension/nominative form Latin genitive Latino (Latin ablative) English
1st: rosa rosae rosa rose
2nd: laurus lauri lauro laurel
3rd: pax pacis pace peace
4th: casus casus casu case
5th: series seriei serie series

Those proper nouns written with the Roman alphabet are kept as close
to the original as possible. The following are examples: München, New
York, Roma, Giovanni

Adjectives
and adverbs

Adjectives are formed as follows:

  • If the nominative neuter ends with -e, the Latino form is
    unchanged.
  • If the nominative neuter ends with -um, the Latino form is
    changed to -o: novum > novo (new).
  • In all other cases, adjectives are formed with the ablative case
    from the genitive, as is the case with nouns.

Adjectives can be used as adverbs if the context is clear, or cum
mente
or in modo can be used:

  • Diligente (diligent): Cum mente diligente, cum
    diligente mente
    , in modo diligente, in diligente modo
    = diligently.

Ablative  with
prepositions

The ablative case is very frequently used with prepositions, for
example ex urbe
“out of the city”, cum
“with him”. Four prepositions (in “in/into”, sub
“under/to the foot of”, subter “under”, super “over”)
may take either an accusative or an ablative. In the case of
the first two, the accusative indicates motion, and the ablative
indicates no motion. For instance, in urbe means “in the city”;
in urbem, “into the city”.[14]
In the case of super, the accusative means “above” or “over”,
and the ablative means “concerning”.[15]

The prepositions which are followed by the ablative case are the
following:

Preposition Grammar case Comments
ā, ab, abs + abl from; down from; at, in, on, (of time) after, since (source
of action or event) by, of
absque + abl without (archaic)
clam + acc &
+ abl
without the knowledge of, unknown to (also an adverb). Its
use with the ablative is rare. Clanculum is a variant of this preposition.
cōram + abl in person, face to face; publicly, openly
cum + abl with
+ abl from, concerning, about; down from, out of
ex, ē + abl out of, from
in + acc into, to; about; according to; against
+ abl in, at, on, from (space)
palam + abl without concealment, openly, publicly, undisguisedly,
plainly, unambiguously
prae + abl before, in front of, because of
prō + abl for, on behalf of; before; in front, instead of; about;
according to; as, like; as befitting
procul + abl far, at a distance
sine + abl without
sub + acc under, up to, up under, close to (of a motion); until,
before, up to, about
+ abl (to) under, (to) beneath; near to, up to, towards; about,
around (time)
subter + acc under, underneath; following (in order or rank); in the reign
of
+ abl underneath, (figuratively) below inferior
super + acc above, over, beyond; during
+ abl concerning, regarding, about

The Tabkes are from Wikipedia

Finally, a few sentences that tell what we have learned

Latina Latino Sine
Flexione
English
Avus in horto (hortus) sedet. Avo sede in horto. The grandfather is sitting in
the garden.
Puer cum cane (canis) ludit. Puero lude (ludere) cum cane. A boy plays with a dog.
Uxor sine pecunia est. Uxore sine pecunia est. A wife is without money.
Admiror novam navem (navis) tuam. lMi admira (admirari) tuo novo
nave.
I admire your new boat.
Ars longa vita brevis. Arte longo vita breve. Art is long; life is short.
©
Copyright Yelling Rosa 2024
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