{"id":6714,"date":"2024-01-28T10:23:15","date_gmt":"2024-01-28T08:23:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yellingrosa.com\/wordpress\/?p=6714"},"modified":"2024-01-28T10:30:19","modified_gmt":"2024-01-28T08:30:19","slug":"latino-sine-flexione-lectio-secunda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yellingrosa.com\/wordpress\/?p=6714","title":{"rendered":"Latino Sine Flexione, lectio secunda"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><title>2024-01-28 Latin Prepositions That Take the Ablative Case<\/title><\/p>\n<p>Last time, I talked about how Sine Flexione nouns are derived from the<br \/>\nsingular ablative of the Latin language. This method is still valid,<br \/>\nbut the table below explains how to identify the ablative with the<br \/>\ngenitive. As we know, dictionary dictionaries provide the nominative<br \/>\nand genitive cases of the search word.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"comp article-heading\" id=\"article-heading_1-0\"><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Nouns\">Nouns are formed from the Latin Genetive as Shown below<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>The form of nouns depends on the Latin declensions.\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Latin declension number (genitive ending) <\/th>\n<td>1: -ae <\/td>\n<td>2: -i <\/td>\n<td>3: -is <\/td>\n<td>4: -us <\/td>\n<td>5: -ei <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Latino ending <\/th>\n<td>-a <\/td>\n<td>-o <\/td>\n<td>-e <\/td>\n<td>-u <\/td>\n<td>-e <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Latin declension\/nominative form <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Latin genitive <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Latino (Latin ablative) <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">English <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1st: rosa <\/td>\n<td>ros<b>ae<\/b> <\/td>\n<td>ros<b>a<\/b> <\/td>\n<td>rose <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2nd: laurus <\/td>\n<td>laur<b>i<\/b> <\/td>\n<td>laur<b>o<\/b> <\/td>\n<td>laurel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3rd: pax <\/td>\n<td>pac<b>is<\/b> <\/td>\n<td>pac<b>e<\/b> <\/td>\n<td>peace <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4th: casus <\/td>\n<td>cas<b>us<\/b> <\/td>\n<td>cas<b>u<\/b> <\/td>\n<td>case <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5th: series <\/td>\n<td>seri<b>ei<\/b> <\/td>\n<td>seri<b>e<\/b> <\/td>\n<td>series <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Those proper nouns written with the Roman alphabet are kept as close<br \/>\nto the original as possible. The following are examples: M\u00fcnchen, New<br \/>\nYork, Roma, Giovanni<\/p>\n<h3>Adjectives<br \/>\nand adverbs<\/h3>\n<p>Adjectives are formed as follows:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If the nominative neuter ends with -e, the Latino form is<br \/>\nunchanged.<\/li>\n<li>If the nominative neuter ends with -um, the Latino form is<br \/>\nchanged to -o: novum &gt; novo (new).<\/li>\n<li>In all other cases, adjectives are formed with the ablative case<br \/>\nfrom the genitive, as is the case with nouns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Adjectives can be used as adverbs if the context is clear, or <i>cum<br \/>\nmente<\/i> or <i>in modo<\/i> can be used:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Diligente (diligent): <i>Cum mente diligente<\/i>, <i>cum<br \/>\ndiligente mente<\/i>, <i>in modo diligente<\/i>, <i>in diligente modo<\/i><br \/>\n= diligently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ablative_%28Latin%29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Ablative_with_prepositions\"><\/span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Ablative_with_prepositions\">Ablative&nbsp; <span class=\"mw-headline\">with<br \/>\nprepositions<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The ablative case is very frequently used with prepositions, for<br \/>\nexample <span title=\"Latin-language text\"><i lang=\"la\">ex urbe<\/i><\/span><br \/>\n&#8221;out of the city&#8221;, <span title=\"Latin-language text\"><i lang=\"la\">cum<br \/>\ne\u014d<\/i><\/span> &#8221;with him&#8221;. Four prepositions (<i>in<\/i> &#8221;in\/into&#8221;, <i>sub<\/i><br \/>\n&#8221;under\/to the foot of&#8221;, <i>subter<\/i> &#8221;under&#8221;, <i>super<\/i> &#8221;over&#8221;)<br \/>\nmay take either an <a title=\"Accusative case\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Accusative_case\">accusative<\/a> or an ablative. In the case of<br \/>\nthe first two, the accusative indicates motion, and the ablative<br \/>\nindicates no motion. For instance, <i>in urbe<\/i> means &#8221;in the city&#8221;;<br \/>\n<i>in urbem<\/i>, &#8221;into the city&#8221;.<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-14\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ablative_%28Latin%29#cite_note-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\nIn the case of <i>super<\/i>, the accusative means &#8221;above&#8221; or &#8221;over&#8221;,<br \/>\nand the ablative means &#8221;concerning&#8221;.<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-15\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ablative_%28Latin%29#cite_note-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>The prepositions which are followed by the ablative case are the<br \/>\nfollowing:<\/p>\n<table class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Preposition <\/th>\n<th>Grammar case <\/th>\n<th>Comments <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:a\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/a#Latin\">\u0101<\/a><\/i>, <i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:ab\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/ab#Latin\">ab<\/a><\/i>, <i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:abs\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/abs#Latin\">abs<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>from; down from; at, in, on, (of time) after, since (source<br \/>\nof action or event) by, of <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:absque\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/absque#Latin\">absque<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>without (archaic) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:clam\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/clam#Latin\">clam<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ acc &amp;<br \/>\n+ abl <\/td>\n<td>without the knowledge of, unknown to (also an adverb). Its<br \/>\nuse with the ablative is rare. <span title=\"Latin-language text\"><i lang=\"la\">Clanculum<\/i><\/span> is a variant of this preposition. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:coram\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/coram#Latin\">c\u014dram<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>in person, face to face; publicly, openly <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:cum\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/cum#Latin\">cum<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>with <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:de\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/de#Latin\">d\u0113<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>from, concerning, about; down from, out of <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:ex\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/ex#Latin\">ex<\/a><\/i>, <i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:e\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/e#Latin\">\u0113<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>out of, from <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:in\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/in#Latin\">in<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ acc <\/td>\n<td>into, to; about; according to; against <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>in, at, on, from (space) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:palam\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/palam#Latin\">palam<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>without concealment, openly, publicly, undisguisedly,<br \/>\nplainly, unambiguously <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:prae\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/prae#Latin\">prae<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>before, in front of, because of <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:pro\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/pro#Latin\">pr\u014d<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>for, on behalf of; before; in front, instead of; about;<br \/>\naccording to; as, like; as befitting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:procul\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/procul#Latin\">procul<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>far, at a distance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:sine\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/sine#Latin\">sine<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>without <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:sub\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/sub#Latin\">sub<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ acc <\/td>\n<td>under, up to, up under, close to (of a motion); until,<br \/>\nbefore, up to, about <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>(to) under, (to) beneath; near to, up to, towards; about,<br \/>\naround (time) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:subter\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/subter#Latin\">subter<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ acc <\/td>\n<td>under, underneath; following (in order or rank); in the reign<br \/>\nof <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>underneath, (figuratively) below inferior <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><i lang=\"la\"><a title=\"wikt:super\" class=\"extiw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/super#Latin\">super<\/a><\/i> <\/td>\n<td>+ acc <\/td>\n<td>above, over, beyond; during <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>+ abl <\/td>\n<td>concerning, regarding, about <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\nThe Tabkes are from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Finally, a few sentences that tell what we have learned<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; text-align: left;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;\">Latina\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;\">Latino Sine<br \/>\nFlexione\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">English<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Avus in horto (hortus) sedet.\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Avo sede in horto.\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">The grandfather is sitting in<br \/>\nthe garden.\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Puer cum cane (canis) ludit.\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Puero lude (ludere) cum cane.\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span class=\"HwtZe\" lang=\"en\" jsname=\"jqKxS\" jsaction=\"mouseup:Sxi9L,BR6jm; mousedown:qjlr0e\"><span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\" jsname=\"txFAF\" 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Prepositions That Take the Ablative Case Last time, I talked about how Sine Flexione nouns are derived from the singular ablative of the Latin language. 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